Both...And, Not Only...But Also, Either...Or, Neither...Nor
Both...and, not only...but also, either...or, and neither...nor are all paired conjunctions. They are used to link two
words, phrases, or clauses of the same type. For example, nouns are linked with nouns, adjectives are linked
with adjectives, and verbs are linked with verbs.
My favorite animated film is either Toy Story or Simba.
He is not only hardworking, but also intelligent.
When connecting two subjects with both...and, be sure to use a plural verb.
Both my father and his boss were present in the meeting.
When connecting two subjects using either...or, not only...but also, or neither...nor, the choice to use a singular
or plural verb depends on the subject that is closer to the verb.
Neither my uncle nor my brothers want to see that documentary.
Neither my brothers nor my uncle wants to see that documentary.
Independent Clauses with And, But, Or, So, and Yet
An independent clause is a group of words that includes a subject and verb. It expresses a complete thought,
and can stand alone as a sentence.
I ordered the engine part online.
Two or more independent clauses can be combined with coordinating conjunction words, like and, but, or, so,
and yet.
I ordered the engine part online, but now I can’t find the confirmation number.
The conference hall wasn’t air-conditioned, so I demanded a refund.
I liked the book, yet I hated the DVD film.
Note: When a sentence includes two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, use a
comma before the coordinating conjunction.
Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives
The Comparative
Use more/ less + adjective, or adjective + -er to make the comparative.
Detective stories are more/ less popular than stories about space travel.
Goldfish are smaller than clownfish.
Use words such as: a little, slightly, much, a lot, considerably, definitely, and certainly to express how much something
differs, or to add emphasis.
Children’s TV films are considerably better than they used to be.
Use as+ adjective + as to compare things that are equal or similar.
Finding Nemo is as good as Toy Story.
Use not as + adjective + as to compare things that are different.
Finding Nemo and Toy Story are good TV films but not as good as The Lion King.
Use the + comparative, the + comparative to describe two actions. The second action happens as a result of the first.
The more I hear about the Giza Pyramids, the more I want to know.
The harder he works at speaking English, the better he becomes..
The Superlative
Use the + adjective + -est or the most/least + adjective to make the superlative.
The Nobel prize is the most prestigious award a scientist can win.
The company director agreed that it was the least attractive offer, but he was obliged to take it.
We can use the expression by far to add emphasis.
The Lion King is by far the best TV film of all.
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
In most cases we make comparative and superlative adjectives by adding -er/ -est, or we use more/most
or less/least. However, a small number of adjectives are irregular.
well (healthy) – better – the best
far (distance) —farther or further – the farthest or the furthest
old (people in a family) – older or elder – the oldest or the eldest
bad – worse – the worst good –better – the best
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