Adverb clauses

Adverb Clauses

An adverb clause is a dependent clause. It begins with an adverb and is always linked to an independent clause.

Because the shoes were on sale, I bought two pairs.

(adverb clause) (independent clause)

Don’t buy that dress unless you really need it.

(independent clause) (adverb clause)

Note: When an adverb clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate it from the independent clause.

When the adverb clause is at the end, do not use a comma.

Because, because of, since, and now that begin adverb clauses that give information about reasons.

They closed the store early since there were no customers.

Because of must be followed by a noun (or noun phrase).

They went to the mall because of the sale.

(In order) to and so (that) begin adverb clauses that give information about purpose.

(In order) to must be followed with the base form of the verb.

Advertisements use many techniques in order to convince people to buy products.

Clauses with so (that) usually include a modal.

I left my wallet at home so that I wouldn’t be tempted to buy anything.

If, even if, in case, only if, and unless begin adverb clauses that give information about conditions.

I’ll write down my phone number in case you need it.

Use if to show that the condition affects the result. Use even if to show that it does not. Use the present tense with

an if-clause, even if it refers to a future time.

We won’t go to the picnic if it rains.

We’re going to the picnic, even if it rains.

Where, wherever, and everywhere begin adverb clauses that give information about place.

He buys something wherever he goes.

The advertisements were placed everywhere you could imagine.

Form, Meaning and Function

Conditional Sentences with Present and Future Forms
You can use conditional sentences with if to talk about causes and results.
Present Facts
Use the simple present tense in both clauses.
Our bottles are recyclable. If you drink Crystal Spring water, not only do you feel more energetic
but you help the environment.

Future Facts
Use the simple present in the if-clause and the future with be going to or will in the result clause.
If you drive the BMX-300, people will notice and admire you.
If you have dull and lifeless hair, Floral Essence shampoo will make it healthy and shiny.
You won’t feel your best, if your clothes don’t look their best.

May/Might
Use may/might in the result clause to suggest something is possible, but not certain.
If you haven’t yet worn Planet Mercury sneakers, you may not be performing to your best ability. Put your feet
in them today to see what you can do!

I’d Rather / I’d Prefer
Use I’d rather (= I would rather) to talk about preferences.
A: Would you prefer to go shopping or stay home?
B: I’d rather go shopping.
A: I’d prefer to stay home. I don’t want to spend all my money.

Words Connected with Shopping Habits
Some words connected with different ways of shopping are:
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Small, neighborhood stores offer a friendly, personal service.
Luxurious shopping malls provide entertainment, food and good discounts on products.
Online shopping is becoming more and more popular as it’s convenient, fast and you can
pay by credit card.

Conditional Sentences with When and Unless
Use when in place of if to talk about general truths. Use the present tense in both clauses.
When you press the button, the washing machine turns off.
When water reaches 100 °C, it boils.
You can use the word unless in place of if in negative sentences.
Unless I study hard, I won’t get top marks.
Unless you exercise, you probably won’t lose weight.
Unless you study harder, you will fail the test.

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