Form, Meaning and Function
Review of the Present Tenses and the Simple Past
Simple Present
Use the simple present to talk about permanent actions like habits or routines. We often use frequency expressions such as:
always, usually, often, rarely, never, every day, once a month, on weekends.
The students usually write a test every month.
Present Progressive
Use the present progressive to talk about temporary actions that are happening now. We often use time expressions such as: right now, now, at the moment.
The students are writing a test at the moment.
Present Perfect
Use the present perfect to talk about actions that have happened at an indefinite time in the past or actions that have happened from the past up to now. We often use time expressions such as: ever, never, so far, yet.
The students haven’t written a test yet.
Simple Past
Use the simple past to talk about actions that were completed in the past. We often use time expressions such as:
yesterday, last week, two days ago, a year ago, in the 19th century, in 2010.
The students wrote a test last week.
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