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Time Expressions: Ago, For and SinceUse the simple past tense when the exact time is given: yesterday, two days ago, last week/month/year. Use the
present perfect simple tense with for to indicate the duration of the action: for two months, for a year, for a long time.
Use the present perfect simple with since to indicate when the action began: since yesterday, since last June.
Simple Past Present Perfect
In 1908, a small asteroid exploded over Siberia. He has worked as a scientist for many years.
We moved to Muscat three years ago. We have lived in Muscat since May.
She didn’t call her mother last night. We haven’t used our car for a long time.
Expressing Ability, Permission and Requests
Ability
Use can to express ability in the present.
Can the robot do my homework for me? No, it can’t. You can do it yourself!
Use could to express ability in the past.
Could people travel long distances before the airplane was invented? Yes, they could. They traveled by ship.
Permission
Use may and can to express permission.
May I leave early today? Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
Can I have another soda? Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
Requests
Use can and could to make polite requests. Could is more formal.
Could you fill in this form, please? Yes, of course.
Can you help me? Sure. / Not now. I’m busy.
Could you open the window? Certainly. / Sorry, I can’t.
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