Past perfect simple and continuous
• We use the past perfect simple to talk about actions that happened before another action or actions in the past.
It gives importance to the completion of an activity. When the interview had finished, I left.
• We use the past perfect continuous to talk about actions that happened before another action or actions in the past.
It gives importance to the duration of an activity. I was tired because I had been studying all night.
• To make the past perfect continuous, we use had + been + verb –ing.
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Past and present habits
• We use used to and would to talk about past habits, things we did regularly in the past but don’t do now.
We cannot use used to and would to talk about single events in the past. In this case, we use the past simple.
• We use would with past actions but not past states. He would come and visit us on Sundays. NOT He would have a bike.
• We do not usually use wouldn’t to talk about past habits. He didn’t use to give us presents. NOT He wouldn’t give us presents.
• When we give a period of time, we use the past simple, not used to.
She used to work in a factory. She worked there for five years. NOT She used to work in a factory for five years.
• The common way of talking about present habits is with the present simple. I often listen to the radio.
• We use the present continuous with always, constantly, forever, continually for habits that are irritating or annoying. When we speak, we
stress always, constantly, forever, continually to emphasize this. My two brothers are always fighting.
• We also use the present continuous with always, constantly, forever, continually for habits that are in some way unusual. She has a very
difficult life but she’s always smiling.
• We can use will for repeated or habitual behaviour. We put stress on will when we are annoyed or irritated. They’ ll sit there for hours.
He will interrupt me when I’m speaking.
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