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الأربعاء، 21 نوفمبر 2018

Two- and three-word verbs

Two-Word- and Three-Word Verbs

The meaning of two- and three-word verbs is often very different from the words taken separately.

1. Verb + adverb particle

to put something off (postpone) They put off the meeting until next week.

to give something up (stop doing) He gave up smoking for health reasons.

to take something up (begin) I’m going to take up karate.

to throw something away (discard) Don’t throw away your old clothes.

to turn something down (refuse) The committee turned down my proposal.

2. Verb + adverb particle + preposition

to get along with someone (be friendly) I get along well with Fatima.

to put up with someone or something My boss is difficult to put up with.

(accept a bad situation)

Pronoun objects go between the verb and particle.

I can’t find my old sneakers. Did you throw them away?

Nouns can go between the verb and particle or after the particle.

I threw the sneakers away. I threw away the sneakers.

Form, Meaning and Function

Question Words: How many, How much …?

To ask about the quantity of something we use How much/ How many …? We use How much … ? with noncount

nouns, and we use How many…? with plural count nouns.

Q: How much exercise do you do? A: I go to the gym twice a week.

Q: How many sisters do you have? A: I have three sisters.

Quantity Expressions: much, many, a lot of, lots of, a few, a little

Q: How much fruit do you usually eat? A: I eat a lot of (lots of) fruit every day.

Q: How many vegetables do you eat? A: I eat a few green vegetables every day. /I don’t eat many vegetables.

Q: How much salt do you eat? A: I eat little salt. It’s not good for you. / I don’t eat much salt.

It’s not good for you.

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So and neither

So and Neither

So… and Neither both show agreement with the speaker.

So… shows agreement with an affirmative statement.

Neither… shows agreement with a negative statement.

A: I’m a careful driver. A: I’m not an aggressive driver.

B: So am I. B: Neither am I.

A: I hurt myself all the time. A: I very seldom cut myself.

B: So do I. B: Neither do I.

A: I burned myself on the stove. A: I didn’t slip on the wet floor.

B: So did I. B: Neither did I.

A: I’ve been in one car accident in my life. A: I’ve never broken an arm or leg.

B: So have I. B: Neither have I.

Form, Meaning and Function

Modal Auxiliaries

Use must to talk about laws and rules. Use should to give advice.

You must stop at the traffic lights. You should drive under the speed limit.

You must not park on the sidewalk. You shouldn’t eat when you’re driving.

Note: Must is stronger than should. It has a more formal or official tone.

Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of manner are normally formed by adding -ly to an adjective. They express how something is done.

How did he drive? He drove slowly.

How did she walk? She walked quickly.

Adjectives that end in l double the l: careful carefully

Note: Sometimes an adjective and an adverb have the same form:

He’s a fast driver. He drives fast. He’s a hard worker. He works hard.

The adverb form of good is well: He’s a good player. He plays well.