Prepositions: in, on with Dates
Use in with months and on with dates and days of the week.
The final test is in September. The final test is on September 21st.
English classes are on Mondays and Wednesdays.
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Demonstrative Pronouns: this / that / these / those
Singular Plural
this these Use this/these for things near you.
that those Use that/those for things far from you.
Imperatives
Use the imperative for commands and instructions.
Say please to be polite.
Affirmative (+)
Sit down. / Please sit down.
Also use the imperative to give advice.
Buy those posters. They’re nice.
Negative (−)
Don’t sit down. / Please don’t sit down.
Don’t buy that painting. It’s strange.
Indefinite Articles: a / an
The indefinite articles a/an come before singular nouns.
Use a before words that begin with a consonant sound: a radio, a calculator, a painting.
Use an before words that begin with a vowel sound: an airplane, an English class.
FYI
The vowels are a, e, i, o, u.
The Definite Article: the
The definite article the comes before singular and plural nouns.
the student the students
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Verb: be
FYI
isn’t = is not, aren’t = are not
Negative (–)
Questions (?)
Short Answers (+)
Short Answers (–)
Question Word: Where
Prepositions: from, in, on
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Requests and Offers: Can / Will
Use can or will for requests.
Use can or will for offers.
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Verb: have
FYI
don’t = do not
doesn’t = does not
Affirmative (+)
Negative (–)
Questions (?)
Short Answers (+)
Short Answers (–)
Quantity Expressions: any, a lot of/lots of
Possessives: ’s
Question Words: How many, Who
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Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns
Regular Plural Nouns
To make a noun plural, add -s at the end of the word.
book books bike bikes
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There is / There are
Singular Plural
Affirmative (+)
There is (or There’s) a table in the kitchen. There are four people at the table.
Negative (–)
There isn’t a bathroom downstairs. There aren’t trees in front of the house.
Questions (?) Short Answers (+) Short Answers (–)
Is there a table in the kitchen? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
Are there flowers on the table? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
Prepositions: in, in front of, behind, on, under
The mouse is in the box. The mouse is in front of the cat. The cat is on the balcony.
The cat is behind the mouse. The mouse is under the balcony.
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Form, Meaning and Function
Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or
Conjunctions connect words and ideas in a sentence.
Use and to connect words and ideas that are similar.
There is a sofa, an armchair, and a table in the living room.
We read and write in class.
Use but to connect contrasting ideas.
I can speak English, but I can’t speak French.
There are flowers in the garden, but there aren’t any trees.
Use or when there is a choice.
You can sit on the sofa or the armchair.
You can write the word or draw a picture.
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Verb: live + Preposition
Where do you live? I live in Jeddah. (city)
I live on the third floor. (building)
I live on First Avenue. (street)
Prepositions of Place: across from, between, next to, on, near, far from
The park is across from the school.
The bank is between the post office and the restaurant.
The pharmacy is next to the bookstore.
The bus stop is on the corner.
The museum is near the hotel.
The airport is far from town.
Imperatives for Directions
Turn left. Turn right.
Go straight. Go up. Go down.
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