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(4a) Could –May – Might
Can - Could - May - Might
Can, could, may and might are modal verbs and:
• they are followed by the base form of a verb without to.
• they are the same in all persons in the singular and plural.
• they form the interrogative and negative without do.
We use Can I...?, Could I...?, May I...?:
• to ask for permission.
Can/Could/May I go to the shopping centre?
• we use can/may to give or refuse permission.
Can/Could/May I go to the shopping centre?
Yes, you can/may.
No, you can’t/may not.
• to offer help politely.
Can/Could/May I help you?
We use Can I/you...?, Could I/you...?:
• to make polite requests. It is more polite to use could instead of can in requests.
Can/Could I have a glass of water?
Can/Could you give me a glass of water?
• to ask for a favour.
Can/Could you help me with my homework?
We use may, might and could:
• to express possibility in the present or future.
It may/might/could rain today.
NOTE:
Might expresses slight possibility.
Fred may not/might not go out with me tonight.
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Prepositions of place
Module 4 (4b) Prepositions of movement
(a) Prepositions of place (next to – in front of – opposite – between – behind)
• next to
There is a ball next
to the box.
• in front of
There is a ball in front
of the box.
• opposite
There is a ball opposite
the box.
• between
There is a ball between the
two boxes.
• behind
There is a ball
behind the box.
(b)
Prepositions of movement (up – down – into – out of – through – towards –
past – from…to – around)
• up
He is running up
the hill.
• down
He is running down
the hill.
• into
He is jumping into the pool.
• out of
The cat is jumping out
of the window.
• through
The train is going
through the tunnel.
• towards
The children are running
towards the lake.
• past
The boy is walking past
the shoe shop.
• from...to
He is driving from
London to Brighton.
• around
He is riding his bike
around the castle.
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(4c, 4d)
Comparative Form – Superlative Form / Which…?
Comparative - Superlative Form
(a)
• We use the comparative form to compare two people, animals or things. An adjective in the
comparative form is usually followed by the word than.
Bruce is older than Keith.
• We use the superlative form to compare one person, animal or thing with others of the same
kind. The article the comes before an adjective in the superlative form. Adjectives in the
superlative form are usually followed by the preposition of or in.
Hatim is the oldest student in the class / of all.
Formation of Comparative Form:
• All one-syllable adjectives and most two-syllable adjectives take –er.
tall - taller Saleh is taller than Tariq.
• We form the comparative of adjectives with three or more syllables with more + adjective.
expensive - more expensive
The green jacket is more expensive than the black jacket.
Formation of Superlative Form:
• All one-syllable adjectives and most two-syllable adjectives take –est.
tall - tallest Sultan is the tallest in the class.
• We form the superlative of adjectives with three or more syllables with most + adjective.
difficult - most difficult This is the most difficult exercise of all.
Spelling
• Adjectives which end in –e take –r (comparative) or –st (superlative).
large - larger - largest
• One syllable adjectives which end in one vowel + one consonant, double the consonant
and take -er (comparative) or -est (superlative).
big - bigger - biggest
• Adjectives which end in a consonant + y change the y to i and take –er (comparative) or
–est (superlative).
happy - happier - happiest but shy - shyer - shyest
Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives
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