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ملاحظة: الموضوع غير مكتمل, جاري إعداد الموضوع .Participle Clauses
The present participle (base form + -ing) is used:
• to replace a time clause (when, while, after, etc. + subject + verb).
Looking through the things in my drawer, I came across
some old photographs. (= While I was looking...)
• to replace a time clause (when, while, after, etc. + subject + verb).
Looking through the things in my drawer, I came across
some old photographs. (= While I was looking...)
• to replace a clause of reason (because, as, since + subject + verb).
Feeling extremely tired, I decided to rest under a tree. (= Because I felt…)
• to replace a relative clause in the Active Voice.
The boy talking to Jim is my brother. (=...who is talking...)
Feeling extremely tired, I decided to rest under a tree. (= Because I felt…)
• to replace a relative clause in the Active Voice.
The boy talking to Jim is my brother. (=...who is talking...)
The past participle is used:
• instead of a subject + verb in the Passive Voice.
Shocked by the tragedy, they didn’t know what to say.
(= They were shocked by the tragedy and didn’t know...)
• to replace a relative clause in the Passive Voice.
Clothes made in France and Italy are very elegant. (= Clothes which are made...)
• to replace a conditional sentence containing Passive
Voice.
Stored in the fridge, the pudding will keep for up to one week. (= If it is stored in the fridge...)
• instead of a subject + verb in the Passive Voice.
Shocked by the tragedy, they didn’t know what to say.
(= They were shocked by the tragedy and didn’t know...)
• to replace a relative clause in the Passive Voice.
Clothes made in France and Italy are very elegant. (= Clothes which are made...)
• to replace a conditional sentence containing Passive
Voice.
Stored in the fridge, the pudding will keep for up to one week. (= If it is stored in the fridge...)
Note:
• To form the negative of participles, we add not before the participles.
Not wanting to miss the bus, they ran to the bus stop.
Not scared by the storm, we continued walking up the mountain.
• If a participle is at the beginning of a sentence, its subject is the same as that of the main verb.
Crossing the road, I was nearly knocked down by a car.
But: Pushing the button, the lift moved up to the third floor. (This would mean that the lift
pushed the button.)
• If the subject of the participle is different from the subject of the verb, it goes at the beginning of the sentence.
Weather permitting, we may drive to the beach.
Not wanting to miss the bus, they ran to the bus stop.
Not scared by the storm, we continued walking up the mountain.
• If a participle is at the beginning of a sentence, its subject is the same as that of the main verb.
Crossing the road, I was nearly knocked down by a car.
But: Pushing the button, the lift moved up to the third floor. (This would mean that the lift
pushed the button.)
• If the subject of the participle is different from the subject of the verb, it goes at the beginning of the sentence.
Weather permitting, we may drive to the beach.
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