الجمعة، 14 ديسمبر 2018

Present Simple vs Present Progressive

ملاحظة: الموضوع غير مكتمل جاري الاعداد

We use the Present Simple:
• for habits or actions that happen regularly.
I surf the Net every evening.
• for permanent states.
He lives in Jeddah.
• for general truths.
Tigers don’t live in Africa.
• for an action that takes place according to
a schedule.
The class finishes at 9 o’clock.
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We use the Present Progressive:
• for actions that are happening now, at the
moment of speaking.
Ameer is talking on the phone at the
moment.
• for temporary states.
I’m staying at my cousin’s house these
days.
• for future arrangements (we usually mention
when).
Mark is taking the train to Berlin tomorrow.

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Conditional Sentences Type 1
• We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 to express something which is likely to happen in the
present or future.
• Conditional Sentences consist of the if-clause and the main clause. When the if-clause
is before the main clause, we separate the two clauses with a comma. We do not use a
comma when the if clause is after the main clause.
If you come round this afternoon, I’ll give you your book back.
I’ll give you your book back if you come round this afternoon.

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Note: 
Unless can be used instead of if … not.
We’ll play football tomorrow unless it rains. (=We’ll play football tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.)

Time Clauses b (Present - Future)
Time clauses define when the action described in the main clause takes place. Time clauses begin with
the words when, after, before, as soon as, until, etc. When a time clause refers to the present or the
future, the verb is in the Present Simple and the verb in the main clause is in the Future Will. We don’t
use will in a time clause.

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NOTE: 
When the time clause comes before the main clause, the two clauses are separated by
a comma. When the time clause comes after the main clause, the two clauses are not
separated by a comma.
He will go out after he finishes his homework.


Both/All/Neither/None/Either
We use both:
• in affirmative sentences. It takes a plural
verb and it indicates that something is true
for two people or things.
Ameer and Khaled are from Saudi Arabia.
Both of them live in Riyadh.
They both live in Riyadh.

We use all:
• in affirmative sentences. It takes a plural verb
and it indicates that something is true for
more than two people or things.
Jack and his parents like skiing.
All of them like skiing.
They all like skiing.


NOTE:
Circle the correct words.
Alan So, did you bring any computer games?
Bill Yeah, I brought four so you can choose. Here...
Alan Sorry Bill, but I’ve played all four of these.
And they’re old and boring.
Bill Really? Now what? Let’s watch TV.
Alan I checked the TV guide. None of the
programmes are any good. I don’t want to
watch them.
Bill Hey, what about this documentary about
tigers?
Alan I didn’t see that. I like documentaries.
Bill Me too. Now let’s order something to eat.
Indian or Chinese?
Alan Either is fine.
Bill OK. Indian then.
1. All / None / Neither of the computer games Bill brought are new.
2. Neither / Either / Both of the boys want to watch the documentary.
3. Alan likes all / either / both Indian and Chinese food.
Both and all are usually followed by a noun or of + noun / pronoun. When they refer to the
subject of the sentence, they can be placed at the beginning of the sentence or before the
main verb but after the verb be.
All/Both (of) my classmates can speak French. My classmates can all/both speak French.
All/Both of them can speak French.


We use neither:
• in affirmative sentences to give them a
negative meaning. It takes a singular or
plural verb. It shows that something is not
true for either of two people or things.
Fred and Tom are lazy.
Neither of them exercises/exercise.

We use none:
• in affirmative sentences to give them a
negative meaning. It takes a singular or plural
verb. It shows that something is not true for
more than two people or things.
My friends and I are travelling to London next
week. None of us has/have ever been to
Great Britain before.

NOTE:
Neither and none are usually followed by of + noun / pronoun.
Neither/None of the children like chicken.
Neither/None of them like chicken.

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We use the Present Perfect Simple:
• for actions which happened in the past, but we don’t mention
when exactly.
I’ve tasted Chinese food.
• for actions which happened in the past and their results are
obvious in the present.
Tom has broken his left arm.
• for actions which were completed a short time ago (usually
with just).
I’m exhausted! I’ve just finished the housework.

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NOTE:
• Have / has gone means that someone has gone somewhere and is still there.
Saleh has gone to Taif. (He’s still there.)
• Have / has been means that someone has visited a place but has returned.
Saleh has been to London. (He’s not there now.)

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Present Perfect Simple vs Past Simple

The Present Perfect Simple is used:
• for actions that happened in the past, but
we don’t mention when exactly.
I have already read that book.

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The Past Simple is used:
• for actions which happened at a specific
time in the past. We say when.
I read that book last month.

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NOTE:
• Ago is always used with the Past Simple.
I went hiking two weeks ago.
• Before (when it means on a previous occasion) is used with the Present Perfect Simple.
I’ve been hiking before.


for / since

for + a period of time:
• refers to the duration of the action.
I’ve known Jack for six years.
since + a point in time:
• refers to the time when the action started.
We’ve had this computer since 2009.
We use the Present Perfect Simple + since + Past Simple:
• to indicate when an action which started in the past and continues up to the present started.
Omar has lived here since he was born.


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