1 Language Review
A. Change the quoted speech to reported speech. In some cases, more than one answer is possible.
Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the
really great make you feel that you, too, can become great. —Mark Twain
Mark Twain advised people to keep away from people who try to belittle their ambitions. He said that
small people always did that, but the really great made you feel that you, too, could become great.
1. We have to be always ready and fit. I train my own children to walk barefoot, to rise two
hours before dawn, to eat but little, to ride horses bareback – sometimes we have not a
moment to saddle a horse, leap to his back and go. —King Abdul-Aziz
2. I will be father to the young, brother to the elderly. I am but one of you; whatever troubles
you, troubles me; whatever pleases you, pleases me. —King Fahd bin Abdul-Aziz
3. A man who views the world the same at fifty as he did at twenty has wasted thirty
years of his life. —Muhammad Ali
4. I will praise any man that will praise me. —William Shakespeare
5. He who obeys the Almighty has no difficulty in exacting obedience to himself.
—King Abdul-Aziz
6. …every Muslim should work on some endowments that could benefit him in the life
after death. Likewise, I prefer for my children to work on developing the wealth, that they
would normally inherit after my death, while I am still alive, rather than keep it and
continue working to increase it myself. —Sulaiman Al-Rajhi
Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. King Abdul-Aziz said that they had to always be ready and fit. He said
that he trained his own children to walk barefoot, to rise two hours
before dawn, to eat but little, to ride horses bareback - he said/added
that sometimes they didn’t have a moment to saddle a horse, leap to
his back and go.
2. King Fahd bin Abdul-Aziz promised/said that he would be father
to the young, brother to the elderly. He said that he was but one of
them; whatever troubled them, troubled him; whatever pleased them,
pleased him.
3. Muhammed Ali said that a man who viewed the world the same at
fifty as he had at twenty had wasted thirty years of his life.
4. William Shakespeare said that he would praise any man that would
praise him.
5. King Abdul-Aziz said that he who obeyed the Almighty had no
difficulty in exacting obedience to himself.
6. Sulaiman Al-Rajhi said that every Muslim had to work on some
endowments that could benefit him in the life after death. Likewise,
he preferred for his children to work on developing the wealth, that
they would normally inherit after his death, while he was still alive,
rather than keep it and continue working to increase it himself.
B. Complete each sentence with a relative pronoun and your own idea.
I am accustomed to wearing clothes that are baggy and comfortable .
1. The most ridiculous rumor ________ I ever heard was _________________________________ .
2. The virtues ________ I think are the most important are ________________________________ .
3. Makkah is a city _______________________________________________________________ .
4. I am someone ________ always __________________________________________________ .
5. I think __________________ is the person ________ has had the biggest impact on my country.
6. The language ________ I would most like to acquire is _________________________________ .
7. ___________ is a person ________ I admire so much because ___________________________.
8. I am accustomed to having friends ________________________________________________ .
9. The object ________ is my greatest treasure is _______________________________________ .
10. ______________________________________ is something ___________ really intimidates me.
Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. The most ridiculous rumor which / that I ever heard was that a
famous football player was going to play for our local team.
2. The virtues which / that I think are most important are honesty and
integrity.
3. Makkah is a city which / that more than 13 million Muslims visit
every year.
4. I am someone who / that always locks the doors at night.
5. I think (Answers will vary) is the person who has had the biggest
impact on my country.
6. The language which / that I would most like to acquire is Spanish.
7. Picasso is a person who / that I admire so much because he was a
great artist.
8. I am accustomed to having friends who / that are fun and easygoing.
9. The object which / that is my greatest treasure is a box that
belonged to my grandfather.
10. Lightning is something which / that really intimidates me.
C. Circle the correct relative pronoun in each sentence.
1. My mother is the person (who / that / whose) praise means the most to me.
2. The shirt (where / who / which) I bought has a stain on the collar.
3. The day (where / when / which) he graduated was the best of his life.
4. The appraiser (who / which / whose) determined the diamond’s authenticity is an expert.
5. Al-Zahrawi is the 10th century surgeon (who / whose / where) is considered to be one of the fathers
of modern medicine.
6. I like weekends (where / who / when) I can spend time with my family.
7. We often go to the park (whose / where / when) we relax for hours.
8. A humanitarian is a person (who / whose / when) goals are noble.
1. whose
2. which
3. when
4. who
5. who
6. when
7. where
8. whose
D. Write sentences with adjective clauses for as many of the photos as you can.
Use the pronouns that, which, who, where, when, and whose.
1939 was the year when World War II began.
- D -
Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. The year 2010 was the year when I got my University degree.
2. September 23 is the day that Saudi Arabia celebrates its official
establishment as a unified Arab state.
3. Machu Picchu is the city where the ancient Incas used to live.
4. The Giza pyramid is the monument where the pharaoh Khafre
was entombed.
5. Mada’in Saleh is the place that became Saudi Arabia’s first World
Heritage Site.
6. The Eiffel Tower is a destination that many tourists visit
every year.
7. Kingdom Center, which is the tallest building in Riyadh, is
located in the business district of Al-Olaya.
8. The Titanic was the ship which was supposed to be unsinkable.
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After Reading
A. Match the words with their meanings.
1. _____ confounded a. logical
2. _____ rational b. strange
3. _____ mass c. having no pattern or order in time
4. _____ peculiar d. confused
5. _____ species e. type
6. _____ sporadically f. an amount of matter with no specific shape
7. _____ meteorite g. amazement
8. _____ awe h. rock or metal that has fallen to Earth from outer space
1. d
2. a
3. f
4. b
5. e
6. c
7. h
8. g
B. Answer the questions.
1. What are some of the mysterious things that have fallen from the sky?
2. What does Godfrey Louis believe about the red rain of Kerala and why?
3. What is ball lightning?
4. Describe the ball lightning that occurred on a Russian airplane.
Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. Fish, frogs, snakes, and red rain have fallen from the sky
in rainfalls.
2. Louis believed that the red rain was particles from life forms on
another planet, carried to Earth by a meteorite.
3. Ball lightning is a ball of light that floats through the air
during thunderstorms.
4. The ball lightning floated through a passenger airplane, divided
into two, formed into one again, and then floated out of the
airplane, leaving two holes behind.
Discussion
1. Would you like science to discover a reason for the mysteries described in the reading? Why or why not?
2. Do you think people had more respect for the natural world before science unlocked so many of its
mysteries? Explain.
3. What are some other mysteries for which there are no known explanations?
3 Language Plus
Complete each situation with an idiom shown.
1. I cannot understand the directions in this computer manual. __________________
2. A: Why did he drop the class?
B: __________________ He told me last week that he loved the class.
3. I __________________ the assignment, so I’m going to talk with my teacher about it.
4. He’s been having lots of different problems with his car lately. He’s taking it to a garage today
so that a mechanic can __________________ the problem.
5. The investigators will __________________ the clues to track down the thieves.
6. I found a gold watch in my mailbox, and I do __________________ where it came from.
1. It’s all Greek to me.
2. Beats me.
3. can’t make heads nor tails of
4. get to the bottom of
5. piece together
6. not have a clue
4 Writing
Tools for Writing: Using the Definite Article with Geographical Nouns
The is generally not used before:
• continents: Asia, Europe
• countries: Saudi Arabia, Oman, Brazil, Canada (Exceptions include: the United States, the Philippines)
• states, cities, and streets: Jeddah, Abha, Massachusetts, Chicago, Wall Street
The is generally used before:
• points on the globe: the Equator, the South Pole
• geographical areas: the Middle East, the South
• rivers, oceans, and seas: the Nile, the Atlantic, the North Sea
Correct the use of the in these sentences.
1. The Arizona is a state in southwest of the United States.
2. Egypt is on the continent of the Africa.
3. Nile River helped the Egypt become one of the most powerful nations of the Africa and Middle East.
1. The Arizona is a state in the southwest of the United States.
2. Egypt is on the continent of the Africa.
3. The Nile River helped the Egypt become one of the most
powerful nations of the Africa and the Middle East.
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Writing Prompt
Research and write an essay about an unexplained mystery. Include grammar points from
Units 4, 5, and 6.
Write Your Essay
1. Choose a mystery to research and write about. Use an idea from the box or an idea of your own.
2. Use a chart to organize your ideas. Write what you already know about the mystery in the K (Know)
column. Write what you want to learn in the W (Want to Learn) column. Research these questions in
your library or on the Internet. Then write what you’ve learned in the L (Learned) column.
جدول
3. Write a draft of your essay, working carefully to construct an effective conclusion.
4. Have a partner read and comment on your draft. Use your partner’s comments and suggestions to revise
your essay.
