Modal Verbs + have +Past Participle
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• may/might/could + have + past participle express possibility in the past.
I may/might/could have seen the documentary, but I’m not sure.
• might/could + have + past participle also express possibility in the past which was not fulfilled.
You were lucky. You might/could have been hurt.
• must + have + past participle expresses certainty that something happened in the past.
I must have left my wallet at home.
• can’t/couldn’t + have + past participle express certainty that something didn’t happen.
You can’t/couldn’t have met their parents. They live in the US.
• should + have + past participle expresses regret about something that didn’t happen in the past.
We should have come home earlier.
It’s also used to criticise somebody's behaviour.
You should have called me and let me know you weren’t coming.
• shouldn’t + have + past participle expresses regret about something that happened in the past.
I shouldn’t have shouted at Larry today.
It’s also used to criticise something somebody has done.
Danny shouldn’t have told you that. It was supposed to be a secret.
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